Scented candle lovers beware as experts warn of toxic emissions

Candles made from paraffin wax may release harmful substances such as toluene, benzene, and formaldehyde when burned

While candles are a popular way to set the mood or scent in a home, experts are raising concerns about the potential health risks associated with burning certain types.

Particularly, candles made from paraffin wax—derived from petroleum—are under scrutiny due to the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) they release when burned, some of which are linked to respiratory problems and long-term health risks.

Candles made from paraffin wax, the most commonly used wax worldwide, may release harmful substances such as toluene, benzene, and formaldehyde when burned. These VOCs can degrade air quality and pose significant health risks.

According to Dr Ariful Haque, a physician researcher at Kunming Medical University, toluene is a neurotoxin that can cause dizziness and headaches, while benzene is a known carcinogen linked to blood disorders like leukemia. “Benzene is released from paraffin candles, and long-term exposure can be harmful,” Dr Haque said.

Even more concerning is the potential for toxins to be emitted from scented candles, which often contain artificial fragrances. These fragrances include phthalates, chemicals associated with developmental and reproductive issues.

Dr Sarah Evans, an expert in environmental medicine, warned that these chemicals can be harmful even when candles are not lit, citing a 2015 study that found alarming levels of formaldehyde from certain scented candles.

However, not all alternatives to paraffin wax are entirely risk-free. Soy, beeswax, and coconut-based candles may release fewer pollutants, but they are still capable of emitting VOCs.

Experts like Dr Evans argue that any substance burned in a confined space can pose health risks, especially for vulnerable individuals such as those with asthma or respiratory issues. Adding to the confusion is the lack of regulation in the candle industry.

While the National Candle Association (NCA) assures that candles are safe, Dr Evans points out that there are no regulations governing the chemical composition of candles, and the standards set by ASTM (formerly the American Society for Testing and Materials) only cover fire safety, not the content of the wax.

“There are no requirements for complete ingredient disclosure, and many manufacturers make unverified claims about their products,” Dr Evans said.

With limited research on the health impacts of burning candles and a lack of regulatory oversight, experts recommend caution.

For those who enjoy candles, choosing high-quality, unscented, and non-dyed options is advisable, especially for individuals with respiratory concerns. Dr Evans herself avoids burning candles altogether, while Dr Farooq, a pulmonologist, suggests being selective about the types of candles used and ensuring proper ventilation during burning.